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Geography of Tripura


Geography of Tripura

Tripura is a landed lock state in Noetg East India, where the seven contiguous states- Arunachal Pradesh,Assam,Manipur,Meghalaya,Mizoram and Tripura are collectively known as the seven sisters.Spred over 10,491.69 sq km,Tripura is the third smallest amongst the 29 states in the country,behind Goa and Sikkim.It extended from 22°56' N to 24°32'N,and 91°09'E to 92䓔'E.Its maximum extend measures about 184 km from north to south and 113 km east to west.Tripura is bordered by the country of Bangladesh to the west ,north and south and the Indian state of Assam to the north east,and Mizoram to the east.It is accessible by National Highway passing through the Karimganj district of Assam and Mamit district of Mizoram.
The physiography is characterised by hill ranges,valleys and plains.The state has five anticlinalranges of hills running north to south,from Boromura in the west ,through Atharamura ,Langtharai and Sakhan to the Jampui hills in the east.The intervening synclines are the Agartala -Udaipur,Khowai-Teliamura,Kamalpur-Ambasa,Kailasahar-Manu and Dharmanagar=Kanchanpur valleys.At an altitude of 939 m,Betling Shib in the Jampui ranges is the state highest point.The small isolated hillocks interspersed throughout the state are known as tillas,and the naerow fertile alluvial valleys ,mostly present in the west are called lungas.A number of rivers originate in the hills of Tripura and flow into Bangladesh.The Khowai,Dhalai,Manu,Juri,and Longai flow towards the north,the Gumti to the west and the Muhuri and Feni to the south west.
The lothostratigraphy data published by the Geological Survey of India dates the rocks ,on the geologic time scale ,between the Oligocene epoch,approximately 34 to 23 million years ago,and the Holocene epoch ,which started 12,000 years ago.The hills have red laterite soil that is porous.The flood plains and narrow valleys are overlain by alluvial soil,and those in the west and south constitute most of the agriculyural land.According to the Bureau of Indian Standards ,on a scale ranging from I to V in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes ,the state lies in seismic zone V.

Economy of Tripura

Tripura is and agrarian state with more than half the population dependent on agriculture and allied activities.However due to hilly terrain and forest,cover only 27 per cent of the land is available for cultivation.Rice the major crop of the state,is cultivated in 91 per cent of the cropped area.According to the Directorate of Economics and statics ,government of Tripura in 2009-10 ,potato,sugarcane,mesta,pulses and jute were the other major crops cultivated in the state.Jackfruit and pineapple top the list of horticultural products.Traditionally,most of the indigenous population practised jhum method(a type of slash-and-burn) of cultivation.The number of people dependent on jhum has declined over the years.
Tripuras gross domestic product for 2010-11 was 12947 crore at constant price(2004-05).recording 5.71 per cent growth over the previous year.In the period ,the GDP of India was 4877842 crore,with a growth rate of 8.55 per cent.Annual percepita income at current price of the state was 38493,compare to the national per cepita income 44345.In 2009 the tertiary sector of the economy was the largest contributor to the gross donestic product of the state ,contributing 53.98 per cent of the state's economy compared to 23.07 per cent from the primary(agriculture,forestry,mining) sector and 22.95 per cent from the secondary sector (industrial and manufacturing)
According to the Economic census of 2005 after agriculture the maximun number of workers were engaged in retail trade (28.21 per cent of total non-agricultural workforce),followed by manufacturing(16.60 per cent),public administration (14.54 per cent) and education(14.40 per cent).
Pisciculture has made significant advances in the state .At the end of 2009-10,the state produced a surplus of 104.3 million fish seeds.Rubber and tea are the important cash crop of the state.Tripura rank second only to Kerala in the production of natural rubber in the country.The state is known for his handicraft,particularly hand woven cotton fabric,wood carvings,and bamboo products.High quality timber including sal,garjan,teak and gamar are found abundantly in the forest of Tripura.
The industrial sector of the state continues to the highly under-developed - brickfields and tea industry are the only two organised sector .Tripura has considerable reservoir of natural gas,but has meagre deposit of other type of minerals like clay mineral,glass sand,lignite and limestone.According to the estimates by ONGC the state has 400 billion meters3 reserves of natural gas,out of which 16 billion meters3 is recoverable.ONGC produced 480 million meters3 natural gas in the state in 2006-07.Tourism industry in the state is growing -the revenue earned in tourism sector crossed 1 crore for the first time in 2009-10,and surpassed 1.5 crore in 2010-11.Although bangladesh is in a trade deficit with India ,its export is significantly more than import from the state;a report in the news paper The Hindu estimated Bangladesh exported commodities valued at about 350 crore to the state in 2012 as opposed to very small quantity of import.
Alongside legal international trade unofficial and informal crossborder trade is rampant.In a reaserch paper published by the institude of Developing Economies in 2004,the dependence of Tripura's economy on that of Bangladesh was emphasized.

Transport of Tripura

The only major road the national highway 44(NH-44),connects Tripura to the rest of India.Starting at Sabrum in southern Tripura ,its head north to the capital Agartala, turns east and than north east to enter the state of Asam.Locally known as "Assam Road",the NH-44 is often called the life line of Tripura.However ,the highway is single land and of poor quality,often landslides,rain or other disruptions on the highway cut the state off from its neighbours.Another National Highway,NH44A connect the town Manu in South Tripura district with Aizawl,mizoram.
The total length of roads in the state is 16,932d km of which national highways constitude 448 km and the state highway 689 km as of 2009-10.

Power and irrigation

As of 2011 Tripura has three power-generating stations - natural gas-powered thermal power stations at Rokhia and Baramura,and hydro power station on the Gumti river.The combined power generation from these three stations is 100-105 MW.

As of 2011 255,241 hectares of land in Tripura is cultivable of which 108-646 hectares has the potential to be covered by irrigation projects.However only 74.796 hectares is irrigated.

Education

The Education in Tripura is very healthy.Schools in Tripura are run by the state government and private organisations ,which included religious institutions.Instruction in school is mainly in English,Bengali,though Kokborok and other regional language are also used.The schools are affiliated to the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examination(CISCE),the Central Board of Secondary Education(CBSE),The National Institude of Open Schooling or Tripura Board of Secondary Education.The main Education system is under 10+2+3.
According to the Economic Review of Tripura 2010-11 Tripura has a total of 4,455 schools of which 2,298 are primary schools.The total enrolment in all schools of the state is 767,672.Tripura has a central University and one private university Institude of Chartered Financial Analysts of India(ICFAI).There are 15 general college two engineering college(TIT and NIT) two medical college(AGMC and TMC),three polytechnic college one law college one music college ,one art college ,one Agricultural college and one fishery college.

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