Indian Economy 3

Census 2014

India's Population 2014

Current Population of India in 2014 1,270,272,105 (1.27 billion)
Total Male Population in India 655,875,026 (655.8 million)
Total Female Population in India 614,397,079 (614.4 million)
Sex Ratio 940 females per 1,000 males
Age structure
0 to 25 years 50% of India's current population
Currently, there are about 51 births in India in a minute.
India's Population in 2012 1.22 billion
India's Population in 2011 1.21 billion

Current Population of India - India, with 1,270,272,105 (1.27 billion) people is the second most populous country in the world, while China is on the top with over 1,360,044,605 (1.36 billion) people. The figures show that India represents almost 17.31% of the world's population, which means one out of six people on this planet live in India. Although, the crown of the world's most populous country is on China's head for decades, India is all set to take the numero uno position by 2030. With the population growth rate at 1.58%, India is predicted to have more than 1.53 billion people by the end of 2030.

More than 50% of India's current population is below the age of 25 and over 65% below the age of 35. About 72.2% of the population lives in some 638,000 villages and the rest 27.8% in about 5,480 towns and urban agglomerations. The birth rate (child births per 1,000 people per year) is 22.22 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) while death rate (deaths per 1000 individuals per year) is 6.4 deaths/1,000 population. Fertility rate is 2.72 children born/woman (NFHS-3, 2008) and Infant mortality rate is 30.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 estimated). India has the largest illiterate population in the world. The literacy rate of India as per 2011 Population Census is 74.04%, with male literacy rate at 82.14% and female at 65.46%. Kerala has the highest literacy rate at 93.9%, Lakshadweep (92.3%) is on the second position and Mizoram (91.6%) is on third.

Present Population of IndiaEvery year, India adds more people than any other nation in the world, and in fact the individual population of some of its states is equal to the total population of many countries. For example, Population of Uttar Pradesh (state in India) almost equals to the population of Brazil. It, as per 2001 Population Census of India, has 190 million people and the growth rate is 16.16%. The population of the second most populous state Maharashtra, which has a growth rate of 9.42%, is equal to that of Mexico's population. Bihar, with 8.07%, is the third most populous state in India and its population is more than Germany's. West Bengal with 7.79% growth rate, Andhra Pradesh (7.41%) and Tamil Nadu (6.07%) are at fourth, fifth and sixth positions respectively. The sex ratio of India stands at 940. Kerala with 1058 females per 1000 males is the state with the highest female sex ratio. Pondicherry (1001) is second, while Chhatisgarh (990) and Tamil Nadu (986) are at third and fourth places respectively. Haryana with 861 has the lowest female sex ratio.

Some of the reasons for India's rapidly growing population are poverty, illiteracy, high fertility rate, rapid decline in death rates or mortality rates and immigration from Bangladesh and Nepal. Alarmed by its swelling population, India started taking measures to stem the growth rate quite early. In fact India by launching the National Family Planning program in 1952 became the first country in the world to have a population policy. The family planning program yielded some noticeable results, bringing down significantly the country's fertility rate. In 1965-2009, the contraceptive usage more than tripled and the fertility rate more than halved. The efforts did produce positive results, however, failed to achieve the ultimate goal and the population of India since getting independence from Britain in 1947 increased almost three times. Whereas India has missed almost all its targets to bring the rate of population growth under control, China's 'One Child Policy' in 1978, has brought tremendous results for the latter. The policy claims to have prevented between 250 and 300 million births from 1978 to 2000 and 400 million births from 1979 to 2010.

Current Population of India 2014

Rank	State or union territory	Population (2011 Census)	Density (per km²)	Sex ratio
01	Uttar Pradesh	199,581,477	828	908
02	Maharashtra	112,372,972	365	946
03	Bihar	103,804,637	1102	916
04	West Bengal	91,347,736	1029	947
05	Andhra Pradesh	84,665,533	308	992
06	Madhya Pradesh	72,597,565	236	930
07	Tamil Nadu	72,138,958	555	995
08	Rajasthan	68,621,012	201	926
09	Karnataka	61,130,704	319	968
10	Gujarat	60,383,628	308	918
11	Odisha	41,947,358	269	978
12	Kerala	33,387,677	859	1,084
13	Jharkhand	32,966,238	414	947
14	Assam	31,169,272	397	954
15	Punjab	27,704,236	550	893
16	Haryana	25,353,081	573	877
17	Chhattisgarh	25,540,196	189	991
18	Jammu and Kashmir	12,548,926	56	883
19	Uttarakhand	10,116,752	189	963
20	Himachal Pradesh	6,856,509	123	974
21	Tripura	3,671,032	350	961
22	Meghalaya	2,964,007	132	986
23	Manipur	2,721,756	122	987
24	Nagaland	1,980,602	119	931
25	Goa	1,457,723	394	968
26	Arunachal Pradesh	1,382,611	17	920
27	Mizoram	1,091,014	52	975
28	Sikkim	607,688	86	889
UT1	Delhi	16,753,235	9,340	866
UT2	Puducherry	1,244,464	2,598	1,038
UT3	Chandigarh	1,054,686	9,252	818
UT4	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	379,944	46	878
UT5	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	342,853	698	775
UT6	Daman and Diu	242,911	2,169	618
UT7	Lakshadweep	64,429	2,013	946
Total	India	1,210,193,422	382	940

Poverty and Unemployment

Kinds of Unemployment

Disguised unemployment,which means that more persons are employed in doing a job than are actually necessary.

In the absence of good irrigation arrangements most land raise only one crop giving occupation to the agriculturists for only a part of the year.

In the urban areas ,there is unemployment among the educated middle class young men because of a defective system of education and their love for "white -collar" jobs.

There is also industrial unemployment due to rationalisation of industries etc.

Causes :

Insufficient Growth of Development

The opportunity of employment have not kept pace with the addition to labour force of the country,which taking place as a result of the rapidity increasing population.

Rapid Rate of Population Growth

As estimate that 1.93 per cent annual rate of population increases , about 4 million fresh entrants are being added to labour force.

Increasing Output from Indian Universities

The galloping rate at which mass production of matriculates,Graduate and post graduate is going on in the Indian Universities is another cause of increasing gap between employment opportunities and employment seekers in the category of educated middle class.

Backward Character of Indian Agriculture

The pressure of population on land and the backward nature of our farming,agriculture cannot provide employment opportunities for the too numerous rural population.

Poverty

Poverty line :Poverty line is found at the level of income at which a person or a family can barely subsist with the consumption of 2400 calories in urban areas whereas 2200 calories in rural areas.

Causes

Under-development : As the Indian economy is under-developed the revels of her national and per capita income are low.

Over Population and its Rapid Growth : The rapid growth of population is another important cause of prevailing poverty.

Low Agricultural Productivity : Because of primitive techniques,small agricultural holdings, insufficient irrigation and ignorance of modern agricultural inputs,agricultural productivity is very low in India.

Strategy to remove Poverty

Acceleration of Economic growth : The greater the growth rate ,the larger are the employment opportunities .And the expansion in employment oppertunities will help removing poverty.

Rural Public Works : To provide employment to the rural people ,rural public works should be started on an extensive scale.

Agricultural Growth on Labour Intensive Lines : Reckless mechanisation of agriculture ,which destroys more employment opportunities than it creates ,should be discouraged.

Land Reformed : By imposing ceiling on land holding and their effective implementation , a good amount of land can be acquired to be distributed among the landless labourers.

Rural Industrialisation : Rural industries ,with their small scale and simple technology ,offer much greater opportuniyies for employment.

Population Control : Unless there is control on population ,any further wealth generation will be eaten up by the fresh torrent of babies.

Aricultural Production.

Green Revolution

Indian green revolution is associated with the use of HYVS (high yielding Variety Seeds),chemical fertilisers and new technology which lead to a sharp rise in agricultural production.

Indian agriculture scientists developed a number of new high yielding varieties of wheat by processing wheat seed imported from Maxico.

As a result during 1960's for the first time in India wheat production increased from 120 lakh tones to 170 lakh tones

Creadit for it goes to Dr.Norman Boriaug and Dr.M.S. Swaminathan.

Dr. M.S. Swaminathan is called Father of Green Revolution in India.

American Scientist Dr. William Gande termed it as Green Revolution.

First Green Revolution had spreed to eastern and central states including West Bengal,Bihar,Orissa,Madhya Pradesh and eastern UP.

The Second Green Revolution from 1983-84 was said to be form expansion in supplies of input and service to farmers ,agricultural extension and better management.

Land Reforms

Abolition of intermidiaries like Zaminders,Mahalwars and Rytwars by paying them compensations.

Tenancy reforms,regulation or rent,Security of tenure,ownership right etc.

Ceiling on land holdings

Agrarian reorganisation including consolidation of holdings and prevention of sub-division and fragmentation.

Organisation of cooperative farming

Provision of Agricultural Credit

From the first plan onwards agricultural cooperatives extended more credit to agriculture.

With nationalisation of 14 banks in 1969 and six more in 1981 ,the emphasis of banking shifted to agricultural financing and taking them to rural areas.

The Reserve Bank of India has created the NABARD (National Bank For Agricultural and Rural Development).